- BLEND WALL
- The maximum amount
of ethanol that can be
blended into gasoline
based on the limitations
of the vehicle fleet and
refueling infrastructure.
- RFS
- The Renewable Fuel
Standard program
created under the
Energy Policy Act of
2005 (EPAct), which
amended the Clean Air
Act (CAA)
- RFS2
- The current RFS
program, expanded
under the Energy
Independence and
Security Act of 2007
to create four nested
biofuel categories
- E0
- Gasoline without
ethanol
- E10
- Gasoline with
10% ethanol
- E15
- Gasoline with
15% ethanol
- E85
- 51-83% ethanol with
gasoline
- EIA
- U.S. Energy Information
Administration
- EISA
- Energy Independence
and Security Act of
2007
- RIN
- Renewable Identification
Numbers are credits
used for compliance
and are the “currency”
of the RFS program
- NERA Economic Consulting, “Economic Impacts Resulting from Implementation of RFS2 Program” http://bit.ly/18yUahQ
- Coordinating Research Council, “Intermediate-Level Ethanol Blends Engine Durability Study” http://bit.ly/12dCjS0
- Coordinating Research Council, “Durability of Fuel Pumps and Fuel Level Senders in Neat and Aggressive E15” http://bit.ly/12dCHju
- Letter to Lisa Jackson, July 5, 2011 http://www.api.org/~/media/Files/Policy/Fuels-and-Renewables/What-others-aresaying/
E15_Auto_Responses.pdf
- AAA, “New E15 Gasoline May Damage Vehicles and Cause Consumer Confusion” http://bit.ly/12dCZqw
- Environmental Working Group, “Senators Seek to Block Higher Ethanol Blend” http://bit.ly/12dD5yw
- National Academy of Sciences, “Potential Economic and Environmental Effects of U.S. Biofuel Policy” http://bit.ly/12dF0TL
- Stanford University, Center for Food Security and the Environment http://stanford.io/12dFfOO
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021” http://bit.ly/12dFk51
- World Bank Policy Research http://go.worldbank.org/QPII43RIJ0
- Schornagela, Niele, Worrell, and Böggemann, “Resources, Conservation and Recycling; Water accounting for (agro)
industrial operations and its application to energy pathways”, December 2011. www.elsevier.com/locate/resconrec
- Energy and Power Subcommittee, House Committee on Energy and Commerce, “Overview of the Renewable Fuel
Standard: Government Perspectives,” June 2013 http://1.usa.gov/1e3OKIU
- EPA, Economics of Biofuels, accessed September 26, 2017 https://www.epa.gov/environmental-economics/economicsbiofuels